Mathematics of Corruption

An intriguing aspect of human history is that some settlements that seem to stand for a period and lead to evolutionary change began to diminish after a certain level of progress. The end of civilization due to a natural disaster or man is not unexpected. However, the fact that these civilizations are not able to rebuild long after the calamity that happens is difficult to explain. If a group of human beings were able to create an advanced civilization in a moment of time should be much easier for them to do it again with the advantage of experience. But we find again and again that this does not happen. Thus, the sites of the earliest human civilizations - the Indus Valley. Mesopotamia and Egypt are among the most backward places in the world. Five thousand years ago the inhabitants of the Indus Valley had the use of cabins with plumbing and drainage. Today, most citizens in the area of animals defecating in open. There was a time in Greece and Rome the head of Europe, are now almost in a leadership position in the same continent.

One might think that the original main civilizations fell because of genetic dilution of native peoples as a result of the mixture with a larger population undeveloped. However, we have often noticed that even a small group of influential and developed can help establish an advanced civilization, but most of the population is not equally developed. Another reason why the old assigned to the decline of civilizations is the moral decadence and corruption. Once it enters the society of persistent infection driven by greed may persist for thousands of years. Although corrupt societies tend to be corrupt at all levels, is corruption among the rich and powerful who have the greatest effect on society. A corrupt dictator, though that can operate under the guise of a democratic leader, can impoverish an entire nation. Similarly, corruption among politicians, police, judiciary, senior administrators and influential business people of a country may result in the generation of poverty for many, directly or indirectly as a result of their actions.

To illustrate the point that corruption among some may result in the impoverishment of many in any society, let us consider a simplified mathematical model. Poverty among social groups is a numbers game and therefore suitable for mathematical modeling. We estimate that on average financial corruption of a member country rich in no poverty of the ten members of society. This is not a course on the top, as it has been mentioned that a dictator can only be a cause of poverty among millions. The term rich is an abstract term understood differently by different people. This can be interpreted as meaning that the most basic of the rich is one who is deprived of basic necessities of life - adequate nutritious food, shelter, clothing and basic medical needs, educational needs etc. of the family is readily available to a person. This is in contrast to people who can not afford adequate food and nutrition, living spaces, etc and therefore can be considered poor. Among the wealthy, would undoubtedly have some that barely meet the definition of being rich, while there would be few who can be considered as linings have enough money not only for their essential needs, but also some to burn or throw it all . There may even be some members of society who are ultra rich. These are like the richest people in the world that not only have enough money to burn, but if they would go about actually doing so, its lifetime would not be sufficient time to perform the task.

Returning to our initial hypothesis that the average financial corruption of a rich person impoverishment results of ten people who can get a simple relationship between the extent of corruption and poverty within a society. Thus, if ninety percent of wealthy people who got rich are damaged by unfair means this would result in a ninety percent of the population is poor. In nine out of ten people would corrupt rich and these give rise to ninety-nine poor. The situation as described here is not very different from that which prevails in some developing countries today. On the other hand, if only one percent of the rich are corrupt, leading to a society in which only ten percent of the population is poor. In a hundred people nineties are rich eighty-nine that got that way from honest efforts to a single collection of ill-gotten wealth. This situation can not be very different from the situation in some of the world's rich countries today. Within a country, and similar reasoning applies and we can see that the poorest provinces are those in which corruption is common. The argument that poverty causes corruption can not be invoked here because this is the time to consider the corruption of the rich only. A mathematical relationship can be developed based on the assumption today.

If a country has the percentage of rich people I with the percentage of C, then to be corrupt

(RC/100) x 10 = 100 - R

Therefore,

RC/10 + R = 100

O
RC + 10R = 1000

And

R = 1000 / (C 10)

Based on the equation developed can tabulate the percentage of influence of corruption on poverty percentage. Shown in Table 4.1

Table 4.1: Influence of corruption levels in the levels of poverty, P

% C,% R,% P,

1, 90.9, 9.1

2, 83.3, 16.7

3, 76.9, 23.1

4 71.4, 28.6

5, 66.7, 33.3

6, 62.5, 37.5

7, 58.8, 41.2

8, 55.6, 44.4

9, 52.6, 47.4

10, 50.0, 50.0

20, 33.3, 66.7

30, 25.0, 75.0

40, 20.0, 80.0

50, 16.7, 83.3

60, 14.3, 85.7

70, 12.5, 87.5

80, 11.1, 88.9

90, 10.0, 90.0

100, 9.1, 90.9

The analysis here is extremely simplified. as complex as human behavior phenomenon need more complex management. However, even with complex design of the trend of the results will not be very different. Even the simple model here illustrates the insidious effect corruption among the rich and powerful members of society can have on society as a whole. The table shows that even if 20% of the wealthy members of society is corrupt, which can lead to most of society remain poor. On the other hand, once corruption through the seventy percent level does not matter if eighty or ninety or one hundred percent. Poverty is equal to about ninety percent. There must be some people to consume nature's bounty. The insidious effect of corruption on society is dramatized by mathematical analysis. This shows how important it is to conquer this evil, if human societies are to become prosperous

Thousands rally in New Delhi by corruption

Thousands of protesters led by the opposition coalition gathered in the streets of the capital of India, New Delhi, on Wednesday (December 22) demanding that Prime Minister Dr. Manmohan Singh, or constitute a Joint Parliamentary Committee (CPC) investigate various allegations of corruption against his government or resign "for moral reasons."

India's ruling United Progressive Alliance (UPA) is accused of selling cellular phone licenses at lower prices, causing loss of billions of dollars in government. The opposition National Democratic Alliance (NDA) had stalled last session of parliament on the same charges.

Street protests called Mahasangram Rally "was held at the Ramlila Grounds capital. It was attended by the main opposition Bharatiya Janta Party (BJP) president Nitin Gadkari, the BJP parliamentary party president LK Advani, leader of the opposition in Rajya Sabha (Upper House) and the Lok Sabha (Lower House) , Arun Jaitley and Sushma Swaraj, respectively (JD-U), Janata Dal-United Sharad Yadav, Shiromani Akali Dal (SAD) and Dr. Ajnala leader Anant Geete of Shiv Sena, among others.

The DNC has made previous efforts to rope in other parties, namely, the AGP, INLD, BJD and TDP of protests across the country. But these parties stayed away from mega rally on Wednesday.

In the Ramlila grounds, flags party JD (U), SAD and Shiv Sena shared space with the flag of the BJP in a context dominated by other saffron.
The meeting started about an hour late and saw the leaders of the BJP-led NDA directly to the Prime Minister and blame him for turning a blind eye to corruption.

LK Advani said the NDA campaign against corruption would continue until the Budget session of Parliament in February 2011. The justification for the opposition demand for a Joint Parliamentary Committee, which accused the prime minister not to use their authority to act against corrupt people.

"The prime minister is using his authority (granted by the Constitution) and is awaiting orders from 10 Janpath (residence of Congress President Sonia Gandhi)," she complained.

Advani made a "last appeal" to the PM to accede to the demand of the opposition.

"You have the right to do so. Nobody can stop (to announce the CPM), "he said, adding that if the prime minister does not constitute CPM, then 2010 would be remembered as" Ghotalo varsh ka "(the year of embezzlement).

Firing on all cylinders, both objective Jaitley Swaraj and the United Progressive Alliance (UPA) government.

Coping with the PM, Jaitley said: "You must stop smoking if you can not cope with a Joint Parliamentary Committee." He said only a CPM would be able to figure out what was allocated 2G spectrum below prices market in 2008 by the DMK leader and former Minister for Communications, A. Raja.

He said if the prime minister wanted to be outside the ring of suspicion must be reached before the CPM.

The justification for the demand for a Joint Parliamentary Committee, Swaraj said: "Tape (NIIR) have shown Radia odor in the executive, legislative, judiciary and the fourth estate, the four pillars of democracy. Neither the Supreme Court nor the PAC can respond to questions posed .

"If they have nothing to hide, why fear of CPM?

Gadkari said the prime minister to respond to allegations of corruption. Sonia Gandhi said, first put its house in order before leveling accusations of corruption against the BJP.

Anant Kumar said the next NDC meeting will be held in Guwahati, January 9, followed by Bombay on 16 January.

Sharad Yadav said that all the corrupt people should go to jail. Dr. Ajnala told AIN the full support of the Akali Dal in the fight against corruption.

Anant Geete accused the government of diverting the attention of the demand for a Joint Parliamentary Committee on Indian clothing brand as terrorist groups.

Corruption in India

China is the world's most populous country, but that hardly hear about corruption there. Societal, political, judicial and bureaucratic system in China seems to be better. Transparency International India always occupies the top among nations in terms of corruption is concerned. Almost every day the anti-corruption bureau officials capture several officials who are corrupt. Corruption appears to be a way of life for government officials below the assistant secretary level of the cabinet. The recent fiasco satyam computers is an example for the spread of corruption of private organizations as well.

Satyam Computers executive director inflated balance sheets to lure more investors. There were also several crores of rupees withdrawn by inflating the number of employees. The money earned thus illegal was spent on land purchases, and for other personal purposes. From the CEO of Satyam bought land in the names of Benami around Hyderabad, the land value has increased due to scarcity. According to reports from the media, which bought thousands of acres of land in various parts of India, which deprives the poor, even to live in cities.

At levels of government corruption is also rampant in 1. The implementation of welfare programs for the poor 2. The construction of various infrastructure projects such as irrigation ditches, banks, electricity projects or energy, roads, communications, educational institutions such as schools and universities. hospitals and housing projects, etc.

When ever a system of welfare or development is announced by the government, some politicians and bureaucrats eager to find loopholes in the system and find a way to divert the amount sanctioned. Such an attitude among the leaders seem to be responsible for many social ills such as child labor, forced labor, poverty, unemployment, etcEn policy India is a lucrative profession to earn money easily without doing any hard work. Political corruption is also prevalent in the promotion of officials, new appointments, sanction the tenders for the construction of development projects, expansion of a business or start a new business, corruption, etc. It therefore has not been in the three types of economic activity as the primary economic activities, secondary and tertiary.

Whatever money he earned would be spent in the electoral process to be elected again. Lawmakers should spend money to become a minister or even a minister of state. For example, Chandrababu Naidu bought many lawmakers to become the chief minister of Andhra Pradesh state after back-stabbing his father in law and former chief minister some years ago.

heavy population and scarce resources to meet the demands is one of the main reasons for the prevalence of corruption in India. According to some reports, including research organizations are related to corrupt activities.

The solution must begin at school by teaching children that money is not everything, but necessary to meet our needs. Thus, children should be aware of the importance of moral values and discipline in life. In a democratic country like India, people should play an important role in creating a better society instead of blaming the government for social ills, such people should choose only a clean, disciplined leader as their representative bodies legislature.

Government under attack by the increase in corruption, rising prices

New Delhi, Feb 23 (PTI) The current government was attacked in the Lok Sabha, the opposition was blamed for increasing corruption, rising inflation and the deteriorating employment situation.
Participate in the debate on the motion of thanks to the President for his address to Parliament, Sharad Yadav (JD-U) said that cases of corruption have increased during the UPA regime-II.
"Corruption is like opium addiction ... not going to disappear," he said, recalling the streak in corruption cases in recent years.
The debate was marked by frequent interruptions by members of the ruling and opposition parties, as they accused each other by rising corruption and lack of action to check the menace.
Referring to corruption in the organization of the Commonwealth Games, Yadav said the government should accept the proposal of the ousted president Suresh Kalmadi GTC Organizing Committee to establish a Joint Committee of Parliament to investigate the scam.
With regard to the scam of 2G spectrum allocation, said it was regrettable that Telecommunications Minister Kapil Sibal was contradicting the conclusions of the Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG).
"If Raja (A Raja, the former Minister of Telecommunications) has done nothing wrong, then why he is being interrogated, questioned Yadav, adding that" Sibal was the treatment of the nation as a legal bedroom. "
Sibal had described the findings of the CAG in the allocation of 2G spectrum as "completely wrong".
Yadav said that the money is allocated for the right to work scheme would MGNREGA waste.
The increase in prices, Yadav, lamented that the staples such as wheat, rice and vegetables were not available in ration shops in various parts of the country.
As for unemployment, he said, how five young people gathered in Bareilly lakh for 72 posts ITBP, shows the employment situation in the country.
Congressman Jadgambika Pal, however, reminded the government's achievements and said the UPA-II policies were intended to benefit the common man.
"The government was able to preserve jobs in the country at a time when people are losing jobs in different parts of the world because of the global financial crisis," he said.
He said the insistence of the Opposition 'in CPM 2G spectrum to investigate the house had cost 23 sessions in the winter session of Parliament and the nation Rs 172 million rupees.
Referring to the issue of corruption, he said, while Congress eliminated the chief minister of Maharashtra in the wake of the scam Adarsh Housing Society, the NDA did no such thing in Karnataka, despite adverse reports against the Prime Minister . .

India angrily, blaming government corruption, inflation

India angrily, blaming government corruption, inflation

NEW DELHI: Inflation is starting to hurt seriously, corruption is at its highest of all time and the government is not doing enough to tackle any problem. That is the way to the big cities of India feels the two issues dominating headlines in recent months, according to a survey of 8 of the city made exclusively for TOI.

Asked what impact rising prices have had on their household budget, only 3% said it has had little impact. About a fifth of respondents said they had been forced to reduce consumption of some items, one in six said they had put off some purchases, a quarter said they had reduced their savings and a little more than one three said he had felt all of these impacts.

The question of who was responsible for these prices out of control, six of the seven fault of the Central or state governments or both. About two-thirds said the government has done everything possible.

On corruption, the anger is even more evident. An overwhelming 83% said it is at its highest ever. Three out of five political blame for this state of affairs and less than a third of respondents believe the government is serious about the problem. Almost everyone keeps corruption scandals that have tarnished the image of government.

Interestingly, almost two thirds of respondents believed that corruption had not been so dominant, government revenues have been further than allow some tax cuts. In other words, the exception to the corruption is not just for moral reasons.

The survey, conducted by Synovate, a market research agency worldwide, surveyed nearly 2,500 respondents in Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, Bangalore, Hyderabad, Ahmedabad and Lucknow and covers people from the socio-economic categories A, B and C.

Two shocks, different responses

Interestingly, however, significant differences in the details of the responses of several cities.

Almost everyone in urban India, for example, admits that the price increase has forced changes in family budgets, but people in different cities seem to have adapted differently to economic crisis. In Hyderabad, for example, the predominant response was that had led to a reduction in consumption levels, with 46% offered the answer. In Mumbai, however, the impact seems to be mainly in the form of savings reduces 45% say it's like they have faced.

Even the perception of who is to blame for this varies across cities. While overall 23% blamed the Centre, 12% blamed the state government and 51% said both were responsible, the cities of Ahmedabad, Kolkata and Lucknow, all in opposition-ruled states, saw participation in the guilt more biased towards the government in New Delhi.

The government has done everything possible to control prices? Most of Delhi took a charitable view of this topic, while three quarters of Chennai returned a decisive NO.

Asked if the poor have been hardest hit by the spiraling prices generally 46% said yes while 34% said that the middle class had also been badly affected. In Lucknow, however, 75% said the poor had become more affected, while Chennai fell at the other end with 51% saying no.

The extent to which corruption is grab Mindspace was evident in the fact that 83% said it was on its highest point, but if that is an impressive figure consider this: in Lucknow 99% said yes and also in Hyderabad and Kolkata rang the number to 90%.

Politicians, as expected, emerged as the most villainous of the people on the issue of corruption, but the atmosphere was particularly marked in Chennai, where 67% blamed the net, reflecting perhaps the fact that a prominent Tamil Nadu politician, a Raja, has been at the center of the most high-profile scam. Mumbai, however, reveals an introspective vein with 41% saying we are all guilty of corruption.

As with inflation, so in corruption, Delhiites were more likely to be charitable to the government, 52% said they believed the government was serious about fighting corruption. He was accompanied by Ahmedabad, where 43% trust the intention of the government.

Not surprisingly, nearly all respondents thought that the image of governments have taken a beating because of corruption scandals. There was, however, differences in how badly they have dented its image. Hyderabad was at one end of the spectrum, with 80% said they had seriously damaged the image of governments, while Ahmedabad, on the other end was only 33% express that view.

Could we have less tax if you were under the corruption? Once again, responses were varied. The city that most accepted the relationship was in Chennai, with 96% saying that taxes could be reduced as fewer graft means more revenue for the government. By contrast, Bombay and Ahmedabad, arguably the two most economically smart cities, were more cautious at this point.

Finally, it would be a scheme to launder black money amnesty would be a good idea? In a somewhat unexpected response, 54% said they would. Perhaps surprising, the city where he welcomed most of the idea was to Calcutta (87%), while the more opposed the Hyderabad (74% say no).

TOI-Synovate mood of national survey
* 97% say price hike has affected the family budget
* 86% blame the Centre and state governments to inflation
* 62% say that government has done everything possible to curb prices
* 83% say that corruption in all-time high
* 60% feel guilty main political
* 64% say that government is not serious about fighting graft
* 96% say that the Central Govt image damaged by wave of scams